EIS Plus Corrosion Package

Corrosion techniques

• Potentiostatic Polarization
• Galvanostatic Polarization
• Linear Polarization
• Cyclic Polarization
• Corrosion Potential
• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

Voltammetric techniques

• Linear Polarization
• Cyclic Polarization
• Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
• Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)
• Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV)
• AC Voltammetry (ACV)
• Stripping chronopotentiometry (PSA or SCP)
• Corrosion Potential Measurement
• Chronoamperometry (CA)
• Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD)
• Multiple Pulse Amperometry (MPAD)
• Fast amperometry (FAM)
• Chronopotentiometry (CP)
• Multistep Amperometry (MA)
• Multistep Potentiometry (MP)
• Mixed Mode (MM)

Impedance spectroscopy / EIS

• Potential scan
• Time scan
• Fixed potential

Stripping modes
The voltametric and pulsed techniques can all be used in their stripping modes which are applied for (ultra-) trace analysis.

Technique as a function of time

Two types of scans
Scans can be made at a fixed frequency or with a frequency scan.

General

dc-potential range : ±10 V (or ±5 V) *

compliance voltage : ±10 V

maximum current : ±30 mA (typical)

max. acquisition rate : 150,000 data points/s

* depending on PalmSens4 hardware configuration

Potentiostat (controlled potential mode)

applied dc-potential resolution: 76.3 µV (18-bit)

applied potential accuracy : ≤ 0.1% ±1 mV offset

current ranges : 100 pA to 10 mA (9 ranges)

current accuracy : ≤ 0.1 % (at Full Scale Range)

measured current resolution :
0.005 % of current range (18-bit, 5 fA on 100 pA range)

0.0025% of 10 mA range

Galvanostat (controlled current mode)

current ranges : 1 nA to 10 mA (8 ranges)

applied dc-current range : ±6 times applied current range

applied dc-current resolution :
0.0076% of applied current range (<10 mA)
0.0038% of 10 mA range

measured dc-potential resolution :
78.13 μV at ±10 V (gain 1, 18-bit)
7.813 μV at ±1 V (gain 10)
0.7813 μV at ±0.1 V (gain 100)

measured dc-potential accuracy :
≤ 0.05% or ±1 mV (for |E| < ±9 V)
≤ 0.2% (for |E| ≥ ±9 V)

FRA / EIS (impedance measurements)

frequency range : 10 μHz to 1 MHz (or 10 μHz to 100 kHz) *

ac-amplitude range : 1 mV to 0.25 V rms, or 0.7 V p-p

* depending on PalmSens4 hardware configuration

GEIS (galvanostatic impedance measurements)

frequency range : 10 μHz to 100 kHz (or 10 μHz to 100 kHz)

ac-amplitude range :
0.001 x CR to 0.4 x CR (<10 mA)
0.001 x CR to 0.2 x CR (10 mA)
(CR = current range)

Electrometer

electrometer amplifier input : > 1 TΩ // 10 pF

bandwidth : 1 MHz

Other

housing : aluminium with rubber sleeve 15.7 x 9.7 x 3.5 cm3

weight : +/- 500 g

temperature range : 0 ºC to + 50 ºC

power supply : USB or internal LiPo battery

communication : USB and Wirelessly (Dual Mode)

battery time :
> 16 hours idle time
> 4 hours with cell on at max. current

extendable by means of power bank

internal storage space : 8 GB or +/- 800000 measurements incl. method info (assuming 200 data points per measurement)

Auxiliary port (D-Sub 15)

analog input : ±10 V, 18-bit

analog output : 0-10 V, 12 bit (1 kOhm output impedance)

4 digital outputs : 0-5 V

1 digital input : 0-5 V

i-out and E-out :
raw output of current and potential
E-out ±10 V (1 kOhm output impedance)
i-out ±6 V (1 kOhm output impedance)

power : 5 V output (max. 150 mA)